Friday, January 27, 2012

How to Argue with a Madman (from GK Chesterton)


After blogging for a few years, I have learned to ignore the trolls who drop spiteful comments or who surf the Catholic web looking for a fight. About once or twice per year, however, I will encounter someone who is brilliant but crazy. The first sign is that such a person is usually well spoken and well planned. They are usually well read. However, the rapidity of the argument goes so quickly and is so scattered that you cannot keep up with him. Sometimes these madmen are Protestant. Sometimes they are Catholic. Often times they are sedevacantists.

I was recently reminded of this excellent advice from GK Chesterton regarding "how to argue with a madman." This passage is quintessentially Cherstertonian - witty, concise, and precise:

If you argue with a madman, it is extremely probable that you will get the worst of it; for in many ways his mind moves all the quicker for not being delayed by the things that go with good judgment. He is not hampered by a sense of humor or by charity, or by the dumb certainties of experience. He is the more logical for losing sane affections. Indeed, the common phrase for insanity is in this respect a misleading one. The madman is not the man who has lost his reason. The madman is the man who has lost everything except his reason. 
The madman’s explanation of a thing is always complete, and often in a purely rational sense, satisfactory. Or, to speak more strictly, the insane explanation, if not conclusive, is at least unanswerable; this may be observed specially in the two or three commonest kinds of madness. 
If a man says (for instance) that men have a conspiracy against him, you cannot dispute it except by saying that all the men deny that they are conspirators; which is exactly what conspirators would do. His explanation covers the facts as much as yours. Or if a man says that he is the rightful King of England, it is no complete answer to say that the existing authorities call him mad; for if he were King of England that be the wisest thing for the existing authorities to do. Or if a man says that he is Jesus Christ, it is no answer to tell him that the world denies his divinity; for the world denied Christ’s...
...his mind moves in a perfect but narrow circle. A small circle is quite as infinite as a large circle; but, though it is quite as infinite, it is not so large...The lunatic’s theory explains a large number of things, but it does not explain them in a large way... 
...If we could express our deepest feelings of protest and appeal against this obsession, I suppose we should say something like this: “Oh, I admit that you have your case and have it by heart, and that many things do fit into other things as you say. I admit that your explanation explains a great deal; but what a great deal it leaves out! Are there no other stories in the world except yours; and are all men busy with your business? Suppose we grant the details; perhaps when the man in the street did not seem to see you it was only his cunning; perhaps when the policeman asked you your name it was only because he knew it already. But how much happier you would be if you only knew that these people cared nothing about you! How much larger your life would be if your self could become smaller in it; if you could really look at other men with common curiosity and pleasure; if you could see them walking as they are in their sunny selfishness and their virile indifference! You would begin to be interested in them, because they were not interested in you. You would break out of this tiny and tawdry theatre in which your own little plot is always being played and you would find yourself under a freer sky, in a street full of splendid strangers.” 
Curing a madman is not arguing with a philosopher; it is casting out a devil.  
- GK Chesterton's Orthodoxy, pp. 25-27.
In sum, with the madman, you can not convince him to entere into the real world. You must enter is tilted universe and expose it as a fraud. It's pretty dangerous, but so are exorcisms. Pray, fast, and proceed with caution with the internet crazies. I simply try to avoid them.


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Thursday, January 26, 2012

Tebowing: Catholics Did It Before It Was Mainstream...

I got a kick out of this.

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Wednesday, January 25, 2012

Was Paul knocked off his high horse on the way to Damascus?

Caravaggio’s “Conversion on the Way to Damascus”

Many people believe that Paul was knocked off his horse on the road to Damascus. Caravaggio’s famous painting titled “Conversion on the Way to Damascus” (depicted above) has seared into our imaginations the image that Paul fell in amazement from his horse when Christ appeared to him in the midst of a blinding light. However, if you go back and read the biblical account of the miracle, nowhere does it describe Saul falling off his horse. In fact, we can be certain that Rabbi Saul was not on his horse at midday when Christ appeared to him (Acts 26:13).

We know this because Pharisees prayed regularly throughout the day in obedience to Psalm 55:16-17, “But I call upon God, and the LORD will save me. Evening and morning and at noon.” Jewish men recited these prayers standing on their feet and facing toward Jerusalem. Saul no doubt observed noonday prayer on that day as he traveled along the road to Damascus. He was likely standing erect and facing south to Jerusalem when Jesus Christ spoke to him and blinded him with light. Paul described the experience like this:
I heard a voice saying to me in the Hebrew language, ‘Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? It hurts you to kick against the goads.’ 
And I said, ‘Who are you, Lord?’ 
And the Lord said, ‘I am Jesus whom you are persecuting. But rise and stand upon your feet; for I have appeared to you for this purpose, to appoint you to serve and bear witness to the things in which you have seen me and to those in which I will appear to you, delivering you from the people and from the Gentiles to whom I send you to open their eyes, that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins and a place among those who are sanctified by faith in me’ (Acts 26:14-18).
Blinded by this brilliant apparition of Christ, Saul went to Damascus where the very Christians whom he had sought to imprison received him. A Christian leader in Damascus by the name of Ananias laid his hands on Saul, and at once the one-time persecutor of the Christians received back his sight. Saul then received the sacrament of baptism.

Incidentally, Saul was baptized in a home and not in a river (Acts 9:17-18). As might be expected, the Christians of Damascus were not eager to receive Saul into their fellowship. “Is not this the man who made havoc in Jerusalem of those who called on this name? And he has come here for this purpose, to bring them bound before the chief priests” (Act 9:21). However, Saul’s conversion proved genuine as he immediately began to proclaim that Jesus was the promised Messiah of Israel.

The post above was excerpted from first chapter of The Catholic Perspective on Paul by Taylor Marshall, Ph.D. For more, please click her to view the book at amazon.com.



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Photo: The Most Charming Altar Boys Ever



It is time for a break from our usual philosophical and theological seriousness. Take a look at these little gentlemen. The kid with the thurible looks a little like my five year old.

Although I like to see black pants, black socks, and black shoes on altar boys, this photo reveals that white socks and informal shoes have been a perennial challenge for altar boys...but at least they aren't wearing flip-flops!

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HT: Photo from the blog Traditional Catholicism.

Tuesday, January 24, 2012

What does the word Nun mean and what is the origin of nuns?


The office of consecrated virgins and women goes back to the Israelites of the Old Testament. I documented this claim last month in:


We find that consecrated women date to the first ages of the New Testament. Saint Paul praises of special virgins for their continence and their devotion to the things of the Lord (1 Cor 7).  

Saint Paul also speaks of enrolled widows, who were called to certain kinds of church work (1 Timothy 5:9). 

A sign, then, of the true, biblical Church is the presence of these consecrated women. By the way, these are not female priests or married women. They are definitely either virgins or widows. The word "nun" by the way, comes from the Latin nonna - a term of endearment for a grandmother. It is directly related to the English Nana. The consecrated widows, then, bore the title of grandmotherly endearment.

In the second century, Saint Justin Martyr attests to consecrated virgins in Rome. (St. Justin, Apology 1, c. 15). Saint Ambrose attests to their presence in Milan during the third century (De Virginibus, 1, 4). 

By the early third century, these women are being called the "spouses" of the Lord Jesus Christ in North Africa and Egypt. St. Cyprian describes a consecrated virgin who had broken her vows as an adulteress ("Epistle 62"). Saint Athanastius in Egypt also describes consecrated virgins as "spouses" of the Lord Jesus Christ (see his Apol. ad Constant., 33). Apocryphal literature of the Pre-Constantinian era is full of references to consecrated virgins and their important role in the Catholic Church.

Virgins vowed themselves to the service of God primarily through prayer. These ancient nuns first lived with their families, but by the third century, they assembled at community convents then called partheuones. After Constantine, these consecrated virgins and women were at liberty to have organized communities and protection from aggression and harm. 

Before closing, the veil was the sign of the consecrated. This goes back as far as Tertullian (and probably all the way back to Saint Paul). The veil is the sign that these women belong irrevocably to Christ.

Let us pray a short prayer today asking Christ to give the Church more flowers, that is, more holy women, to bring beauty and sanctity to our Church. 

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Monday, January 23, 2012

Feast of the Espousals of Mary and Joseph


January 23 the date for the lesser known feast of the Espousals of Mary and Joseph. That's right, January 23 is their liturgical anniversary. 

The following are some facts that I clipped from here and there.

John Gerson, at the Council of Constance in 1416, proposed that a votive Feast of the Betrothal of Mary Most Holy and St. Joseph be observed by priests on the Thursday of Advent ember week when the Gospel of the espousal would fit nicely. In 1474 Franciscan Bernardine of Bustis wrote an Office for the feast. By 1517 the Annunciation Sisters founded by St. Jane of Valois already celebrated the feast. In 1537 the Franciscans adopted it to be celebrated on March 7, and soon after the Servites for March 8, and the Dominicans for January 22. A 1550 work invites people in Holland to celebrate the recently instituted feast on January 15.

Pope Innocent XI allowed its celebration in 1684 in the empire of Leopold I, and later also in Spain. In both France and Canada it was observed on January 22, while Polish confraternities celebrated January 23. In 1725 Benedict XIII extended it to the Papal States, setting the date for January 23.

In 1840, for example, it was granted to the United States of America. The extent of usage merited its inclusion in editions of the pre-Vatican II Roman Missal for January 23 in the section for particular places, pro aliquibus locis.

Under Pope Pius IX and Pope Leo XIII the feast was extended throughout Europe and in the New World.

During the twentieth century the Feast of the Espousals on January 23 continued to be found in more particular calendars: St. Mary Major Basilica in Rome, 1913; Marello's Oblates of St. Joseph, 1921; the Oratory of St. Joseph in Montreal, Canada, 1940; and Murialdo's Congregation of St. Joseph, 1946. The Diocese of Zacatecas, Mexico, was granted the November 26 feast in 1958. In Vienna, Austria, the Piarist Church of the Espousals, which includes a Corradini sculpture of Mary and Joseph being blessed by the high priest, was named a minor basilica in 1949.

In 1961 the Sacred Congregation of Rites issued an instruction that removed from particular calendars numerous particular feasts, including the Feast of the Espousals of Mary and St. Joseph, except in places where the feasts have a special connection with the place itself. In 1989, for example, the Oblates of St. Joseph obtained permission to celebrate on January 23 "The Holy Spouses Mary and Joseph" with the liturgical rank of "Feast," and full proper texts, including a preface:
You give the Church the joy of celebrating the feast of the Holy Spouses, Mary and Joseph: in her, full of grace and worthy Mother of your Son, you signify the beginning of the Church, resplendently beautiful bride of Christ; you chose him, the wise and faithful servant, as Husband of the Virgin Mother of God, and made him head of your family, to guard as a father your only Son, conceived by the work of the Holy Spirit, Jesus Christ, our Lord.
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Please Meet the Franciscans Friars of the Immaculate!

The Franciscans of the Immaculate

What happens when you blend the charisms of Saint Francis, Saint Clare, Saint Maximilian Kolbe, and Saint Pio along with a devotion and love for the traditional Latin Mass? You get the Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate Conception.

Given the 800 year history of Franciscan tradition, the Franciscans of the Immaculate are relative new, but they embrace the ancient charism of Saint Francis with a willingness to use modern media to reach souls for the Hearts of Jesus and Mary.

The Franciscans of the Immaculate were founded by the two Franciscan friars, Fr. Stefano Maria Manelli and Fr. Gabriel Maria Pellettieri. The Institute was erected as a pontifical institute of religious life by His Holiness John Paul II in January 1, 1998, Solemnity of the Mother of God.

Their charism is explicitly Marian and they take a fourth vow of total and unlimited Marian consecration in spirit of the Saint Francis' total consecration to the Immaculate Virgin Mary. Next to Saint Francis, the FIs look to Saint Maximilian Maria Kolbe as the model for their apostolic witness in the world. The FIs, like Saint Maximilian, have a world wide printing apostolate and something that Saint Maximilian would not have known - an apostolate through the Internet, podcasts, and YouTube.

Please visit their site AirMaria to get a feel for their apostolic endeavors.

You should also sign up for their newsletter Missio Immaculate.

Here's a video the FIs produced entitled "Sandals and Fiddlebacks":




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Sunday, January 22, 2012

Why Did Christ Descend into Hell? The Salvation of the Old Testament Faithful


Christ was without sin and he fully paid the price of our redemption on the cross. So if Christ's suffering was finished on the cross, why did His human soul descend into hell?

First we must confer with Saint Thomas Aquinas and other saints and doctors who divide hell (infernus) into four abodes:

  1. Purgatory (abode of those being purified)
  2. Limbo of the Fathers (abode of the Old Testament faithful - now it's empty)
  3. Limbo of the Children (abode for unbaptized children under the age of reason)
  4. Gehenna (abode of the damned)

Usually when we speak of "hell" we mean "the fires of hell" or Gehenna. At STh III, q. 52, a. 2, Saint Thomas Aquinas is clear that Christ did not descend into Gehenna. (For those interested in such things, Hans Urs Von Balthasar stands if full contradiction to Catholic tradition on this point.)

Christ's soul descended to the Limbo of the Fathers, also known as Abraham's Bosom:

“And it came to pass that the beggar died and was carried by the angels into Abraham’s bosom. And the rich man also died: and he was buried in hell.” (Luke 16:22, D-R)
In the Old Testament, the gates of Heaven were not open to human souls. So the faithful in the Old Testament remained in the Limbo of the Fathers until the passion and death of Christ - those from Adam till even the thief on the cross.

Now Saint Thomas Aquinas teaches that since the Old Testament faithful did not have the sacraments, that Christ's descent into the inferno was for them as the sacraments are to us:
Hence, as the power of the Passion is applied to the living through the sacraments which make us like unto Christ's Passion, so likewise it is applied to the dead through His descent into hell. On which account it is written (Zechariah 9:11) that "He sent forth prisoners out of the pit, in the blood of His testament," that is, by the power of His Passion.

So Abraham was not baptized, but he did receive the efficacy of baptism by the descent of Christ into the Limbo of the Fathers. Thus, the doctrine of Christ's descent into Hell solves many theological difficulties: the lack of sacramental efficacy in the Old Law, the salvation of people before Christ, and the distinction of abodes in hell.

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Saturday, January 21, 2012

A Checklist of Popular Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary


Below are five traditional and popular devotions to our Blessed and Immaculate Mother Mary. These devotions are endorsed by Saints, Doctors, and Popes of the Church. In most cases, these devotions are endorsed by Mary and Christ through approved private revelations.

  1. Holy Rosary. I place this first because it is the Marian devotion of the Catholic Church. Pope Leo XIII wrote eleven encyclicals exhorting the faithful to pray the Rosary daily. Our Lady of Fatima asked the faithful to pray the Rosary daily. The Popes have also granted a plenary indulgence to reciting the Rosary as a family or in a Church. So do you think Christ, Mary, and the Church want you pray the Rosary? You bet.
  2. Brown Scapular. The Brown Scapular goes back to the Old Testament in essence with Elias the Carmelite Prophet. It is worn under the clothes and is the sign that you are consecrated to Mary under her title Our Lady of Mount Carmel. I need to write a post on this one of these days. In the meantime, here is a great sermon on the Brown Scapular. Please click here to listen to it.
  3. First Saturdays. At Fatima, Our Lady asked that the faithful attend Holy Mass, pray the Rosary and meditate for 15 minutes on a mystery of Rosary for five consecutive first Saturdays of the month. God chose five first Saturdays of the month for the five chief blasphemies committed against Mary:

    1. Denial of her as Mother of God
    2. Denial of her Immaculate Conception
    3. Denial of her Perpetual Virginity
    4. Desecration of images of Mary
    5. Those who teach children not to love Mary

  4. Wearing the Miraculous Medal. I cannot go into the long and glorious history of the Miraculous Medal in this brief post. Suffice it to say that it is miraculous. If you want to be completely blown away by a verifiable miracle and miraculous conversion through the Miraculous Medal, listen to this short sermon. You won't regret it and it won't take much time.
  5. Three Hail Mary's. Mary has promised the gift of sexual chastity and purity to those who pray three Hail Mary's morning and evening. It's a great custom. I've written a whole post on it and where it comes from here: Three Hail Mary's a Day Keeps Mortal Sin Away. It's an easy and simple devotion to add to your daily schedule. Tack it on to the end of your Rosary.

There are many, many wholesome devotions to our Immaculate Lady. Remember, countless saints have taught that a person cannot be saved without devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary. If you love and worship and Incarnate Christ, how could you not have reverence for the Mother who made it possible? Please leave questions or suggestions in the comments box on the site below. I'd love to hear what you have to say.

Godspeed,
Taylor

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Friday, January 20, 2012

Was Saint Peter in Rome or Antioch? The Chronology of Peter's Papacy

Christ giving the Keys to Saint Peter

Catholic Tradition holds that Saint Peter arrived in Rome for the first time in about AD 44. This coincides with the martyrdom of St James the Greater and St Peter's arrest in Jerusalem and subsequent departure:
“But he, beckoning to them with his hand to hold their peace, told how the Lord had brought him out of prison. And he said: Tell these things to James and to the brethren. And going out, he went into another place.” (Acts 12:17, D-R)
Here, Peter departure to "another place," is his departure from Jerusalem to Rome. After the imprisonment and attempted murder of Peter, the Apostle's location throughout the New Testament is kept secret and hidden.

Saint Peter established the Church in Rome from AD 43 till AD 49 when he and all Jews were expelled from Rome by the decree of Claudius in AD 49. Why were they expelled?

According to Roman historians the Jews were expelled from the city of Rome in AD 49 because the Roman Jews were fighting over a Jew named "Chrestus."

Hmmm...Jews in Rome fighting over "Chrestus"...there must have been a mighty preacher (Pope) of "Chrestus" or "Christ" in Rome in the AD 40s to lead to all that infighting within the synagogues! This has Peter's fingerprints all over it. 

Also remember that Saint Peter pops back into Jerusalem from "another place" in AD 49, which is the occasion for the Apostolic Council in Acts 15 regarding circumcision and baptism.

From AD 49 till AD 54 (during the Jewish expulsion from Rome), we find Saint Peter reigning temporarily in Antioch. This is why Peter is known also as the first bishop of Antioch. It was the first "Babylonian captivity" of the Pope.

Tradition holds that in AD 54, when Nero revoked the Jewish expulsion from Rome, Saint Peter moved back to Rome and continued to reign as the first Pope of the Apostolic See.

In my upcoming book The Eternal City: Rome and the Origins of Catholicism I will present a theory that Saint Paul cryptically refers to St Peter in Rome in the book of Romans:
“And I have so preached this Gospel, not where Christ was named, lest I should build upon another man a foundation.” (Romans 15:20, D-R)
The Greek is μὴ ἐπʼ ἀλλότριον θεμέλιον οἰκοδομῶ.

Here "another man" is Saint Peter as the Catholics of Rome would know. What other man (singular) had built a foundation for the Church in Rome? Paul had not yet preached there because "another man" was laying the "foundation" of the Church in Rome, Saint Peter.

The chronology is so tight and conforms to what we know from secular history, and yet modern "experts" deny it all - even that Peter came to Rome.

I've spoken before on how some Catholics have unwittingly adopted the hermeneutic of suspicion, which immediately holds all things traditional as suspect until proven. They love to boast about how George, Christopher, and Philomena aren't really saints, that the Evangelists didn't really write the Four Gospels, and that pious people in the old days simply fingered Rosaries and didn't understand the Mass. These are signs of the hermeneutic of suspicion. Contrary to this, the Holy Father Pope Benedict has asked to employ a hermeneutic of continuity. We are not allowed to stand in judgment over the previous tradition. We receive it.

The hermeneutic of suspicion is a fault against the Fourth Commandment that teaches "Honor thy Father and Mother." At the end of the day, are you going to trust the Doctors and Saints or enlightened Hegelians or a German text critics on these matters?

ad Jesum per Mariam,
Taylor

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This blog, Canterbury Tales, is solemnly consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

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ut revelentur ex multis cordibus cogitationes.”
(Luke 2:35, Vulgate)
Our Lady, Seat of Wisdom, pray for us.
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